Don additional personal protective equipment (PPE) based on the patient’s need for isolation precautions or the risk of exposure to bodily fluids. Encourage questions and answer them as they arise.Explain to the family and caregivers that the patient must remain still and quiet during the procedure.Instruct the patient, family, and caregivers to ensure that the patient has adequate rest before BP measurements and that BP measurements are performed at the same time each day using the same limb with the patient in the same position, either sitting or lying down.Maintaining adequate intake of dietary potassium and calcium.Limiting sodium and saturated fat in the diet.Educate the patient, family, and caregivers regarding the primary strategies for preventing hypertension: 2.Prolonged stress from psychosocial and environmental factors.High blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels.Family history of hypertension, premature heart disease, lipidemia, or renal disease.Educate the patient, family, and caregivers about the risk factors for hypertension:.Educate the patient, family, and caregivers about the signs and symptoms of hypotension:.In adults, normal BP is less than 120/80 mm Hg ( Table 1). Instruct the patient, family, and caregivers about ambulatory BP threshold guidelines.Explain how the equipment works as well as the procedure to the patient, family, and caregivers.Provide developmentally and culturally appropriate education based on the desire for knowledge, readiness to learn, and overall neurologic and psychosocial state.Thigh BP is not interchangeable with an ankle or upper extremity BP. 5 A bariatric cuff may be needed for larger adults. 5 The thigh or calf can be used if measurement of the upper arms and forearms is not possible. Systolic BP readings tend to be higher in more distal arteries, such as those in the forearm, whereas diastolic BP readings tend to be lower in the more distal arteries. BP measurements in the forearm and upper arm are not interchangeable. To obtain the most accurate reading, the proper-size BP cuff must be used for the forearm, which typically has a smaller circumference than the upper arm. When measuring BP in the upper arm is not possible-for example, when the available BP cuffs do not fit the upper arm properly-BP may be measured in the forearm. Using a cuff that is too narrow results in an overestimation of BP, whereas using a cuff that is too wide results in an underestimation of BP. An improper-size cuff can produce an inaccurate BP measurement. For a BP of 120/80 mm Hg, the pulse pressure is 40 mm Hg, the difference between 120 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg.Ĭuff size should be proportionate to the limb circumference. The difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is the pulse pressure. BP is recorded with the first Korotkoff sound (systolic pressure reading) at the beginning of the fifth Korotkoff sound (diastolic pressure reading). Each sound has a distinct characteristic ( Figure 1). Palpation may be used to obtain an estimate of systolic BP before using the auscultation method, or if unable to obtain a BP by auscultation.ĭuring auscultation, as the sphygmomanometer cuff is deflated, five different sounds, called Korotkoff sounds, are heard over the artery. The most common methods for measuring BP are auscultation, using a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope, and measurement using an electronic BP monitor. The measurement indicates the height to which BP can sustain the column of mercury. The standard unit for measuring BP is millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Rapid IV infusion of fluids or blood products.Circulatory shock (hypovolemic, septic, cardiogenic, or neurogenic).Patients at risk for alterations in BP measurement include those who have: Diastolic pressure is the minimum pressure exerted against the arterial wall. When the ventricles relax, the blood remaining in the arteries exerts a trough, or diastolic, pressure against the arterial wall. Peak pressure occurs when the heart’s ventricular contraction, or systole, forces blood under high pressure into the aorta. During a normal cardiac cycle, BP reaches a peak, followed by a trough. Blood Pressure (Systolic): Palpation (Home Health Care) - CE OVERVIEWīlood pressure (BP) is the force exerted by blood against the vessel walls.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |